Moon Lake Natural Landscape

Moon Lake is a large natural lake which was enlarged by an earth filled dam in 1938. It is located on the south slope of the Uintas. It is an impoundment of the Lake Fork Creek and Brown Duck Creek which are typical of many rivers that drain the south slopes in valleys carved by Moon Lake is a large natural lake which was enlarged by an earth filled dam in 1938. It is located on the south slope of the Uintas. It is an impoundment of the Lake Fork Creek and Brown Duck Creek which are typical of many rivers that drain the south slopes in valleys carved by glacial meltwaters. The dam was built by the Bureau of Reclamation, using federal funds to subsidize agriculture in the Uinta Basin. The reservoir is a popular access to the High Uintas Wilderness Area, which surrounds the northern half of the lake and encompasses much of the watershed.

Moon Lake In China

Moon Lake is accessible from Mountain Home in the Uinta Basin (north of Duchesne). Go north out of
Mountain Home across the Indian Reservation. The road turns to gravel just past Mountain Home, but is paved after it enters the National Forest. This road leads directly to the reservoir, which is about 15 miles northwest of Mountain Home. Fishing, boating, swimming, camping, picnicking, and water skiing are all popular. There is an unimproved public boat ramp at the lake. Care must be taken when attempting to launch a boat because of the sandy nature of the beach area. Vehicles can quickly sink into the sandy base so exercise caution and utilized metal ramp pads if they available. Moon Lake Campground, a USFS facility, has 57 campsites, toilets, and picnic areas.

Watershed Description
Moon Lake is an located on the Lake Fork River in its deep glacial valley on the south slope of the High Uintas. The valley is 0.5 miles wide and up to 2,000 feet deep, with slopes of 50 - 100%. It is narrow and deep, the result of tens of square miles of glaciers all flowing out the Lake Fork. This valley is morphologically similar to many others along the south slope, including the Duchesne River, Rock Creek, the Yellowstone River and the Uinta River. The valley walls are thickly forested, and beyond the midway point of the lake are permanently protected as part of the High Uintas Wilderness.

The watershed includes about 80 square miles of the Uintas, stretching from the reservoir to the ridgeline. Much of the area is made up of forested areas interspersed with lakes and meadows. These areas are where glaciers left uneven terrain as they flowed, and deposited piles of moraine when they melted. The glaciated area is interdigitated with the barren ridges that were not scoured by glaciers. The Lake Fork valley is at 8,000 feet elevation at Moon Lake, while the forests are at 9,000 to 11,000 feet in elevation, and the mountains are up to 13,000 feet elevation. The watershed high point, Mt. Lovenia, is 4,029 m (13,219 ft) above sea level, thereby developing a complex slope of 8% to the reservoir. The average stream gradient is 5% (265 feet per mile). The watershed is made up of high mountains with abundant rock outcroppings. The soil associations that compose the watershed are listed in Appendix III.

The vegetation communities consist of pine, aspen, spruce-fir, and alpine tundra. The watershed receives 51 -
64 cm (20 - 25 inches) of precipitation annually. The frostfree season around the reservoir is 0 - 20 days per year. Land use is as follows 95% wilderness, which includes recreation and allotment grazing by sheep and
cattle. Of the remaining 5%, 3% is multiple use and 2% is concentrated recreation.

The water quality of Moon Lake is very good. It is considered to be very soft with a hardness concentration
value of approximately 10.1 mg/L (CaCO3). Although there are no overall water column concentrations that
exceed State water quality standards, there are reported exceedences on a rare occasion at specific points in the lake. These include occasion elevations of pH or total phosphorus concentrations.

The lake does stratify but it appears to be a weak stratification with a general decline in temperatures
throughout the water column as depicted in the August 21, 1991 profile.. Stratification may be stronger and more pronounced at other times during the season, however, data is not available during those times to document it. Current data suggest that the reservoir is currently a nitrogen limited system with fairly low concentration of nutrients present. TSI values indicate the reservoir is oligotrophic in a state of low productivity. During 1989 productivity data indicates that the reservoir was in a state of mesotrophy. The parameter that has skewed the data is the transparency which appears abnormally low. It appears that in August of 1991 there was a significant algal bloom which effected the evaluation. It is therefore apparent that overall the reservoir is probably oligotrophic, it is capable of moderate productivity on a limited basis.

Ancient City Walls in Xi'an, Shaanxi China

Ancient City Wall Since its founding in the 2nd century B.C, Antalya has had a continuous history. The ancient walls flank the city and other sections of the walls are still standing near the marina. Chinese history, the invention of the city wall is attributed to a semi-mythological sage; in this case, to Xia Dynasty leader Gun , the father of Yu the Great. It is said that Gun built the inner wall to defend the prince, and the outer wall to settle the people. An alternative theory attributes the first city wall to the Yellow Emperor. A number of neolithic-period walls surrounding substantial settlements have been excavated in recent years. These include a supposed wall at a Liangzhu culture site, a stone wall at Sanxingdui, and several tamped earth walls at the Longshan culture site.

Ancient City Wall

 Ancient City Wall after its enlargement in the Ming Dynasty, stands 12 meters high. It is 12-14 meters across the top, 15-18 meters thick at bottom, and 13.7 kilometers in length. There is a rampart every 120 meters. The ramparts are towers that extend out from the main wall. The ramparts were built to allow soldiers to see enemies trying to climb the wall. The distance between the ramparts is within the range of arrows fired from either side. This allowed soldiers to protect the entire wall without exposing themselves to the enemy.

Ancient City Walls

The Ancient City Walls construction of city walls grew to a peak in the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. Sophisticated construction techniques meant that major city walls, such as that in the capitals Beijing and Nanjing, were specifically built to withstand cannonfire. However, with the advent of modern Western firearms, traditional fortifications began to lose their defensive functions in the 19th and 20th centuries. The traditional city wall also proved an obstacle to efficient trade and intercourse. For example, the city wall of Shanghai, built to repel Wokou raiders in the Ming dynasty, was almost completely demolished after the Xinhai Revolution at the request of the city's merchant community.

Ancient City Wall

After the founding of the People Republic of China, a political dimension was added to the economic problem posed by city walls. In Beijing, for example, the proposed demolition of the city walls was at first opposed by experts ranging from architect Liang Sicheng, to Soviet advisor Mosin, on the grounds that the city walls of Beijing were the most sophisticated and well-preserved system of city walls in China. However, in 1958 Mao Zedong intervened, and declared that the demolition of the old city wall was a political issue.

Chinese Acrobatic Show at The Shanghai Centre

Acrobatic Show at the Shanghai Centre

Shanghai Centre

For many first-time visitors to China, one of the things on the “must see” list is a Chinese Acrobatic Show. It ranks right up there with climbing the Great Wall, visiting the Forbidden City, and strolling along the Bund. Thus it’s no surprise that the famous Huangpu Sensation Acrobatic show at Shanghai Centre Theatre has been packed to capacity ever since its debut in 2005. Performances almost every night of the week are filled with tourists from Japan, France, Germany, USA, and practically every other part of the world, all ooh’ing and aaaw’ing as they watch the breath-taking feats up on stage.

No matter how much of a China veteran you are, it’s hard not to be impressed every time you see the incredible skill these people possess, whether it’s the tiny young contortionists twisting themselves into pretzels, though still powerful enough to balance on a single arm, or the tumblers jumping effortlessly through moving hoops barely bigger than their bodies. Plate spinning, juggling huge ceramic vases, balancing stacks of champagne glasses on their foreheads while balanced on stilts, catapulting high in the air – whatever the challenge, they make it look easy. But the reality, of course, is that it’s anything but… as I soon learned, myself.

Recently, inspired by a trip to see Huangpu Sensation, I ventured over to the Shanghai Circus World to watch the acrobats in their daily training. A pair of white tigers sat gazing out from their cages lazily, and a pony trotted past as I entered the gate. The performers look quite different here, in their worn-out exercise clothes, with tape around their wrists, sweating and grunting, as opposed to onstage, in sparkling costumes with beaming smiles. The young contortionists are balancing in handstands on small benches, each with a wristwatch lying directly under her eyes to count the time. They must balance like this for up to ten minutes at a time, for several hours a day. On the opposite side of the circus-ring-like practice area, a group of guys are catapulting each other 25 feet in the air, doing flips and landing on a soft mat.

Chinese Acrobatic Show

 It took a lot of convincing, but eventually I was allowed to give it a try. I should note at this point that I’m not just a journalist, but also a yoga teacher, and have studied Shaolin Martial Arts, so I’m not your average couch potato by any means. But then, I’m not quite ready for Cirque du Soleil, either, as evidenced by the amount of sweat pouring from my body as I practice handstands, and the debacle I make of juggling as the plate spinners on the other side of the room laugh at me.

The training at Shanghai Circus School is so harsh that many of the students give up before they ever make it onto the stage. One of those who didn’t give up is Shen Si Si. If you’ve ever been to see Huangpu Sensation, you might have met her. She’s the one soaring around in a mid-air dance, hanging precariously from a long piece of red silk, or the arm of her partner. When I ask what inspired her to become an acrobat, she says she first saw acrobatics on television as a child, and it looked like an interesting challenge. At age 7, she was already studying several styles of dance. By age 9, she was a member of the Shanghai Circus School. For the next seven years, she would wake up at 6am and practice until night, stopping only for meals and study breaks (the circus academy students have three school lessons per day).

Chinese Acrobatic Show

 “At first it was so difficult, especially the basic training exercises,” she recalls of the handstands and Chinese Kung Fu-style training that each student must master before even starting to practice their true acrobatic skills. “I almost gave up many times, but in the end I just stuck to it.” Si Si has been a plate spinner, a hoola-hooper, and an adagio performer (a form of partner acrobatics that requires pinpoint precision balance), traveling with the acrobatics troupe all around the world. Her life is much easier now than when she was a student. She trains only three hours a day, and performs almost every night. But at age 23, she’s  Newsalready facing retirement in a few years. “I’d like to become an acrobatics teacher,” she says.

I ask if she’s ever been injured before, and she nods. “I’ve hurt myself many times in training, but nothing too serious. I’ve never fallen during a performance. By the time you perform on stage, you know your routine so well it’s hard to make a mistake, though my first time on stage I was really nervous!” She says she still gets a thrill from the audience applause, even now. And enjoys the invitations to sign autographs and take photos after each show. One day I walk with the young contortionists from their dormitory to the Shanghai Centre Theater for a dress rehearsal. It’s interesting to see them acting like any other little girls for a while, giggling and running off to buy sweets when the teacher isn’t looking. But once they’re in costume and make-up, it’s all seriousness. They run through the routine and make a refinement of a few small details.

The Huangpu Sensation is something of a work-in-progress – it’s constantly changing and evolving, bringing in new acts and performances that are carefully guarded trade secrets. Before the show begins, Si Si and I say goodbye and make a promise to stay in touch and practice partner acrobatics together. For now, don’t expect to see me up on stage at Huangpu Sensation any time soon. But just maybe, one day…

Seven Star Park Amazing Landscape in Guilin China

Seven Star scenic in the east coast of Li River, an area of 120 hectares, is Guilin's largest and most concentrated and comprehensive views of the park. Looking east in the liberation of the bridge can be seen from the peak of Putuo Mountain and Crescent Hill Sanfeng four composed of seven peaks, the arrangement of the layout just like the Big Dipper, general Qixingshan, parks hence the name. Park mountain scenery, clear water, stone Lin Qijun, deep caves, unique charm, gather the mountain, water, cave, stone, garden, plants and animals, cultural and other extracts, the main landscape Flower Bridge, Putuo Mountain, Seven Star Crags , hump, Crescent Mountain, Hidden Dragon Cave, Guangxi sea Beilin, “China Light" Square, is the tourists must visit.

Flower Bridge is the oldest bridge in Guiling, built during Song Dynasty

  
Guilin Huaqiao is the oldest bridge, built in the Song Jia Xi years. It is located in the park main entrance, across the East River and the spirit of the sword in the small stream above the confluence of a total length of 135 meters. Promenade deck there is rain, Qiaoting cover green glazed tiles, the bridge as a rock, with a strong national flavor. Annual spring and summer, flowers bloom, flowers, bridges cross planted peach, bamboo, small bridges cover hidden in the “full stream stream to spend half the water", it Huaqiao hence the name.

The pier was rebuilt in 1965, according to the original style of the four-hole bridge, bluestone of the puzzle. Under the bridge, the bridge opening with four semi-circular reflection in the water to form four jade plate, shaped like a full moon, as the “four-wheel-moon with hibiscus, half into the Chengjiang half of the Rainbow" in the poem Ode to the “Huaqiao Hong Ying" in views.

Camel Hill inside Seven Star Park

Putuo Mountain is a scenic area of the main seven. The northwest by the Qixingshan Tianshu, Tianxuan, DNT, the right to four days, the peak component. 265 meters above sea level, because the mountain dedicated to the Goddess of Mercy, vulgar called Putuo. Putuo Mountain landscape rich in caves, pavilions and a lot. Legend has it that the most famous of which, Pavilion Zeyi Qixia Pavilion, Bristol to build a virtual kiosk is particularly unique. The western feet of the mountain are per wind tunnel, the height of summer heat, but cool breeze here, from here north along the avenue near Laurel Putuo door, entry uphill.

Mount Putuo Stone Forest, Putuo House, Cave, Club and so many basaltic landscapes. Until the day the peak of stardom Pavilion Angeles, Tang Pavilion Jimu around, and can watch the Song Dynasty poet Liu Chong wrote, “Ye Qian Feng Wan Li, a stream of water hold the city," the magnificent scenery. Putuoshan many cultural relics, there are only 200 pieces of stone, the most valuable of the Tang dynasty Yen Chen's “Happy House" Song Fan Chengda's “virtual Bi Ming" Ming “Guiyi one" relief.

Qixingyan known Qixia tunnel, Bi virtual rock, located in the west side of Mount Putuo mountain. During the long years, the rain continued infiltration, dissolution of limestone, and crystallization in the cave, so the formation of a mix of stalactites, stone pillars, stalagmites, Shiman, stone flowers, and many magnificent Wonderful, interesting scenery, to be as the “fairy Dong Fu." Legend has it that the magnificent deep, spectacular scenery, the hole divided into three layers, the entire run length 814 meters. The middle for the tour is divided into 6-hole days, maximum width of 43 meters, the highest at 27 meters, the hole year round temperature maintained at 20 ?. From the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Legend has already become a tourist destination, have left many poems and inscriptions, the Ming Dynasty painter Zhang Wenxi called “First Cave", and engraved in the wall, and a viewing hole to visitors The first landscape.

Seven Star Crags, Sui and Tang to Song Dynasty, said Qixia hole. Guilin is a legend in the ancient sea, land and sea after the change, uplift and became today's Qixingyan hole, 100 million years ago, dissolution of limestone by rain water into the emulsion, and then condensation, over the formation of various shapes of tension that stone milk, stalagmites, pillars, Shiman varied and spectacular. Hole at the upper, middle and upper decks, the upper 10 meters above the middle, the lower the underground river.

Dragon Hidden Cave inside Seven Star Park

Tour the middle, run 820 meters inside the cave temperature about 20 ?. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, here to become a tourist attraction, the hole has Suikai Huang years (590 years) Qixia tunnel Tan and Tang Xianqing question moved four years (659 years) Anonymous full hole Qixia Xuan Xuan Inscription. Rock and stone steps from the rim, there to write the first Ming Zhang Wenxi Wonderland characters. Over Laojun Taiwan, rabbits gatekeepers, that is, white corridor. This smooth flat rock roof, stone walls white crystal, jade is a wall of snow for the city said. Move on, Kai lot, there are fairy drying nets, rice mountain, the sun monk robe. After a sand grab the lion attractions, is the song Sendai.

Legend of the White Horse Third Sister Liu Lang and her lover to Guilin Seven Star Crags, singing songs for three days and three nights, attracting a large audience, and later Third Sister to go, sorry to see the White Horse Lang, clasped her hands tightly, Third Sister in the Light from his ear, sing songs, go into an immortal stone, because the sound is very small, only one white Lang hear clearly, the only few have been handed down: Shao Pei, and the day off the ridge in the West. So long the heart of one of us friendship water samples long. Over Yunshan murals, to the square, where the highest concentration of attractions, Galaxy Magpie Bridge, climb down eighteen doll Lin, odd as caves, etc., see a visitor last scene is peach.

Crescent Hill is located south of Putuo Mountain, the south by the Qixingshan seven peaks
form, because there is a crescent of rock mountainside, overlooking the crescent as its name. Crescent House, Crescent Hill there, here a century-old vegetarian, the most famous nun face.
Trail along the foothills southwest of the line can be up to with the Moon, this view reflected in the clear Huaqiao the East River in a small, very poetic. Can reach further forward near crescent rock and Jin Jiang Court. South along the mountain will go to the Hidden Dragon Cave. Roof section on the dragon-shaped stone of natural meandering, hole books have “broken the fly", describe the dragon legends here for the straightening of the left vacated away “Dragon remains of" the ancients thus leave “thousands of set soar I do not know, has little Dragonscale open" the poem. Gui sea and the nearby Forest of Stone Tablets Hidden Dragon Cave inscriptions such as the
Dragon Yin Yan, so that “No End stone wall," it said Guihai Beilin. There are more than
220 pieces of stone steles, covering economic, military, cultural, and folk customs in various forms, there is poetry, prose, songs and poetry, couplets, images, etc. Books have Kai, grass, Li, seal, etc., with a very high historical value and appreciate the value of the art of calligraphy.

Camel Hill (hump mountain) is located in Putuo Mountain, its shape resembles a squatting camel. Because of its ancient jug like a, also called it for pot mountain. Ming dynasty Jiangnan reclusive celebrities here, over the kinds of peach. Each spring, peach flourish, flowers such as Hongxia one, as if to put on Camel Hill Red Xia, very beautiful scenery, the ancients called the
“hump red Xia," the landscape, Guilin, one of the top ten prospects. July 1998, U.S. President Bill Clinton next to the bonsai in the mountains and the Chinese Folk Art Gallery are
within the environmental forum held after the camels on the lawn of Piedmont, made a speech
of environmental protection, and side hand side of a folding fan in Guilin, said and humor as “energy-saving air-conditioning."

"China Light" and the Crescent Hill Plaza is located between Mount Putuo, the total area of 13,520 square meters. It has two large works of art: First, the light of Chinese stone murals, length 106 meters, 5 meters high, a combination of more than 100 stone, set four great
inventions of ancient China, and other advanced scientific and technological achievements as
a graph, reflecting the the essence of Chinese civilization five thousand years; second century,
Baoding, and its 4.6 meters high, four feet held tripod, stand circular granite pedestal, the
symbol of peace and prosperity. Large tripod weighs 24 tons, is the whole piece of music with
a carved stone. Seven Star Park, these two works of art constitute a new landscape.

Panda City Paradise Trip In Chengdu China

Visit Panda City In bejing China I'd been in China for over a week when the fully touristic part of the trip began. I visited my friend Sven in Shanghai and spent a couple days touring that city. Thanks to the newly opened bullet train line, I squeezed a one-day visit to Nanjing in before arriving in Wuhan for the Eight Annual International Conference on e Business, hosted at China University of Geosciences. On June 1 I left Wuhan and flew to Chengdu. The paper sessions really don't offer me much, so I wandered the grimy hillside across the main avenue from our ornate hotel. It didn't take long to find a place to get laundry done cheaply. And once again, I capped the visit with a place of long xia (“dragon shrimp”), a pile of spicy crayfish best eaten with plastic gloves and cold watery local beer.

Giant Panda

I'm in Chengdu just for fun. Mary is joining me tomorrow, and I've had two days to do reconnaisance
and planning. My neighbor on the flight from Wuhan was a 3rd year undergrad at Sichuan University.
She engaged me in conversation in both Chinese and English. That's the same year as the undergrads
I taught at C.U.G. In Wuhan last year. She offered to show me around town between her 2 pm and 7
pm classes, then the plan evolved into me sharing a cab into town, buying us both a fantastic lunch (mapo tofu and some river fish), and her helping me negotiate our upcoming 3 day bus tour to Mt. Emei. Then she was off to her early class and I was free for the day. Net-net, we had fine exchange of food for tuition, without any potentially awkward man/woman evening alone time. Nico is bright, blunt and almost arrogant.

She's flown around the country to visit friends and would like to live abroad but wants to return to her country. Her patriotism is refreshing and un-ironic. I showed her my pictures of the Nanjing memorial, she said “that's why we have to be strong”. When I hear my progressive friends in California imagining that China's rising educated generation is somehow seething at the yoke of oppression and aching for their own version of France's 1968 May days, I will see Nico's calm nod when I told her how moved I was by the mass grave in the Nanjing memorial.

There I booked our hotel for the two days after Mary's arrival. After a short walk, I found “Sakura”, a beautiful 24 hour bath house that serves both men and women. Got the details I needed for the mountain tour: the price is right but even the clerk who books the tours warned me that the food will be terrible. I will only love Chengdu the more, since dinner was a huge bowl of spicy broth with four fish and a bunch of bland cabbage-y vegetables. I asked the server for middle-spicy and thats' what I got. Interesting language note: people really do call out “fuwuyuan”, which is a respectful and gender-less word for server in many types of business. This is maybe a beneficial leftover from the days of Mao, although I've read that women's position in society has become less equal in the last two decades. The rest of the afternoon was spent wandering. I went to a city park and sat with a one-dollar warmish beer.

Eventually I succumbed to the sales pitch of an itinerant acupuncturist/masseur. For $4 US, I got an
intensive 20 minutes chair massage including neck cracking and armpit and elbow point work. No
acupuncture, though, please. The guy had two bandages on his face and smelled like tobacco. As he
rolled my head into his paunch to crack my neck, I thought, yes, this really is my idea of fun.

Women had a powerful but traditional role in the opera that I saw. Armed only with an address from a badly written brochure, I had found myself in front of a theater just a few blocks from the hotel. The clerk just gave me a ticket, even though it said “120 RMB” on it ($18 US). I sat down and watched some early groups filing in, then summoned my courage and asked the middle aged woman next to me “what is this?”. Thus began a lengthy conversation in which she told me it was an opera about the big quake. I correctly guessed she was not from Sichuan and was a member of the Wei minority people from Anhui province. We of course swapped numbers; that's just what folks do when they meet. The opera was, well, lengthy and bombastic, but had great production values.

The lighting and the group dancing was superb, though the (recorded) music was way too loud. I reveled in the supertitles since I could follow many of the characters for the lyrics. 50% of them, anyway, but it was a great language exercise. There were eight scenes portraying grief, loss, heroic rescue efforts, the strength of parents love for their kids, and so on. Each scene was introduced by a tallish woman whose costume changed each time. She was the lead singer, in the roles of mother, military officer, rescue worker, doctor, and so on. I teared up at the close of one scene where dozens of kids backpacks rose to the heavens.

JINSHANLING Great Wall Amazing Panorama

JINSHANLING Great Wall lies between Miyuncounty of Beijing and Luanpingcounty of Hebei Province, 140 km from Beijing city. It is a World Heritage Site and a National Priority Protected Site (of 1271 sites in China). It is an important remain of the Ming Dynasty (1368 –1644 AD). We discover steles from the 1540s that record that Tan Lun, Liu Yingjieand QiJiguang, famous government officials, built this section of the wall.

On several bricks of the Great wall are the characters “Fifth year of WanliEmperor”(1549 AD) which allows us to date the wall accurately. We can conclude that JINSHANLING was built at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, with large-scale reconstruction in the 1550s, especially during the Long QIngand Wanliemperors.

JINSHANLING Great wall

During the QingDynasty (1644 -1911) the government united China and controlled both inside and outside the Great Wall, so the wall was no longer important for defense The wall served as the gate to and from the north of China, and there was no maintenance of the wall during the QingDynasty . The length of the JINSHANLING Wall is 10.5kms. It has six cols (gates), 68 dilous(towers) of varied form and two FengHuoTai (high watch towers).

The Great wall has many dilou, about every 100 m along the ridge of the mountain, many more than on other sections of the wall. Where necessary, they are 50--60 m apart. The form of the dilouis square, oblong, or rhomboid. All dilou are hollow, sit in the middle and on top of the wall. They are about 10 m high.



The foundation of the dilouis of bar shaped stones and the body of bricks and stones. Its wall was built with bricks with stone fill. All dilouhave two floors: the ground floor is is brick and wood, or brick with arches. The soldiers lived, stored food and weapons on the ground floor, andused the
second floor to fight or stand guard.

The Great wall is the main body for the whole system. It has a stone base. The wall itself is a brick shell filled with stone and earth. Wherethe landform is even, the Great wall is about 4.5--5 m high. The width at the bottom is about 5 m. The height of the wall is about 4.5 m. On the outside (right in the picture) the Duokouqiang(steps on the side of the wall) are 1.8 m. The inside of the wall has Yuqiang, which are about 1.5 m.

JINSHANLING Great wall

FengHuoTai (watch towers) were built on steep peaks inside or outside the wall. When the enemy came, soldiers would light fires to warn the others. A barrier wall was built inside the wall to delay the enemy if they climbed the wall. The overall characteristics of the JINSHANLING Wall: a wide view,
frequent dilou, unique sight, beautiful architectural art, integrity of the defense system.

There are 68 diloustogether, one typical instance Siyanlouis chosen for this project. It includes one section of collapsed wall and one section of the wall where the shell has fallen off. The Siyanlou Dilouhas two floors. The ground floor has arrow windows. The second floor has a chamber and a low wall around it used when shooting the enemy with arrows or crossbows.

The east gate is damaged: the brick (or stone) around the gate is gone. The west gate has a crack and a lot of weeds and shrubbery on the roof. The arrow window is damaged. 2/5 of the floor bricks were broken. Some of the wall has fallen down. Many of the wall bricks are gone. Most of the earth filling has collapsed, and only the inner wallremains.

Golden Horse and Jade Cock Memorial Archways Beautyful Building Kunming

Golden Horse and Jade Cock Memorial Archways Located in the center of the city with a history of more than 400 years, it is the symbol and pride of Kunming. That's a fairy tale goes:a golden horse flying out of the sun and a jade cock from the moon descended on Kunming. Whenever they went, lush grass and tall trees would blossom in gold.They represent lucky and best wishes in people's mind.

The Golden Horse Archway is in the east against the mountain with the same name as the archway; the Green Rooster Archway is in the west against the Green Chicken Mountain. Within a short distance of each other, the two archways are in the traditional archway styles. Together with another Loyalty Archway on the other side, these three archways shape a triangle of archway clusters. With their distinctive characteristics they present a spectacular view in the midst of surrounding downtown modern buildings.

Golden Horse and Jade Cock Memorial Archways

This area used to be center of old Kunming City, and it continues as the center even now. Actually, many of these buildings are newly renovated with new materials to represent Kunming’s old architectural styles.  Houses and stalls hundreds of years old are  duplicated so that you can be reminded of how this area was in the past. The place where the archways are located is a mixture of modern and old. The archways are accompanied by several other old buildings nearby within easy walking distance. There is the renovated Jingri Lou (or Close to the Sun Pavilion) and the ancient East and West Temple Pagodas.

The archways of Golden Horse and Jade Cock were built on an east-west axis, not far from each other. At 5 or 6 p.m. on the day when Autumn Equinox (September 22, 23 or 24 of the Gregorian calendar) and the Mid-autumn Festival (August 15 of the lunar calendar) of the year of cock (you year. There are 12 symbolic animals associated with a 12-year cycle, often used to donate the year of a person’s birth. One of the animals is cock) happened to be the same day (it happened once every 60 years), when the sun has set and the moon is rising, the shadow of sunshine on Golden Cock becomes longer gradually and the shadow of moonlight on the Jade Cock becomes clearer [Traditional Chinese calendar calculated the passage of years, months, days and hours by combining one Heavenly Stem (tian gan in Chinese.

Cuihu Lake Park-Green Lake Park Beutiful Secenery In Kunming

Cuihu Lake Park used to be a scenically beautiful island at the centre of the lake. In the year 1382, Mu Ying, the Garrison Commander, started building the capital of Yunnan Province in Kunming, and the Green Lake was enclosed within the brick walls of the city. A military structure, called "the Liu Barracks", was built, which was later changed into a villa for the Mu family. In 1692, Wang Jiwen, the provincial governor, built the Biyiting, commonly called Haixinting. Two long banks divide the Lake into four parts. Embraced by willow trees along the banks dotted with a variety of lotuses, with the delightful contrast between the weeping willows and the lotuses, the lake offers a scene of freshness, serenity, and beauty, hence the graceful called The Green Lake. The main attractions include lotuses, fish, willow trees and pavilions.

Cuihu Lake Park

The Cuihu Lake Park, situated at the western foot of Wuhua Hill, is a scenically beautiful park inside the city. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it was still a swampy field for growing vegetables, lotuses and rice, hence the name "Vegetable Lake". The water-level of Dianchi Lake was then so high that it was connected with the Cuihu Lake. That is why we have the couplet: "Dianchi Lake spreads five hundred li; the Vegetable Lake merges with it." As there were nine mouths of springs beyond the Bamboo Island in the northeast, the lake was also called "The Nine-Dragon Pond".

Cuihu Lake Park

The Cuihu Lake Park it now covers fifteen hectares of land. Since 1985, the red-pecked seagulls from Siberia have been spending the winter months on Cuihu Lake. The entire Cuihu Park is a green world, with willow trees swaying gently on the dikes, and the surface of the lake covered all over with lotus plants. All the year round the park is the venue of one sort of exhibition or another, and with its snug seclusion it is frequented by local residents who come here for a few hours of leisure. In winter and spring, Kunming residents flock to the Cuihu Park to feed red-beaked gulls - there are tens of thousands of them, which descend upon the lake.

Green Lake Park

The Cuihu Lake Park image and inside the Haixinting there are two courtyards, where all kinds of shows are held throughout the four seasons: flower shows, lantern shows, fish shows and picture shows. Flowers and trees are growing luxuriantly in the yards. On the west of the pavilion are buildings for fish-watching. There is a two-storey pavilion on which hangs a horizontal board inscribed with four characters meaning "Drunk in spring in the abode of immortals" and facing north is a fish-watching pavilion. The lake, its banks and the pavilions are wonderfully arranged, and the painted corridor alongside the lake and the zigzag bridge are well connected. All the buildings have yellow and green glazed tile roofs, with corners seeming to fly and beams and rafters colourfully painted, typifying Chinese classical park Cuihu Parkdesigns.

Huangpu River Cruise Excellent and Beauty Secenery Night Day

The Huangpu River (Huángpu Jiang) is the city's shipping artery both to the East China Sea and to the mouth of the Yángzi River, which the Huángpu joins 29km (18 miles) north of downtown Shànghai. It has also become a demarcating line between two Shànghais, east and west, past and future. The Huangpu River is the cultural, residential and entertainment center of Shanghai. The Bund, Monument to the People's Heroes, Waibaidu Bridge and the oldest park in Shanghai - Huangpu Park, are located on the west bank. In addition, many historical buildings left over from Shanghai's colonial days have been preserved. The east bank of the river (Pudong) is the newer district of Shanghai and its financial and commercial hub. Steel and glass structures are abundant here.

It has also become a demarcating line between two Shanghais, east and west, past and future. On its western shore, the colonial landmarks of the Bund serve as a reminder of Shanghai's 19th-century struggle to reclaim a waterfront from the bogs of this river (which originates in nearby Dianshan Hu or Lake Dianshan); on the eastern shore, the steel and glass skyscrapers of the Pudong .

Between the stately colonial edifices along the Bund, the glittering skyscrapers on the eastern shore of Pudong, and the unceasing river traffic, there is plenty to keep your eyes from ever resting. Even on overcast days (the norm in Shanghai), the single greatest piece of eye candy as your boat pulls away is undoubtedly still the granite offices, banks, consulates, and hotels that comprise the Bund. Sadly for purists these days, however, the Peace Hotel with its stunning green pyramid roof and the Customs House with its big clock tower no longer have your undivided attention but have to compete with the towering 21st-century space-age skyscrapers that have sprouted in the background.

North of the Suzhou Creek hugging the west shore are the old "go-downs" or warehouses of the many foreign trading firms. This area, known as Hongkou District, and the district to the east, Yangpu District, have been marked for rapid development after Pudong, though new modern towers (all no more than 3 years old) have already started to stake out the skyline. Less than a mile farther on is the International Passenger Terminal, where international cruise ships tie up. The Huangpu River jogs east at this point on its way to the Shanghai shipyards, where cranes and derricks load and unload the daily logjam of freighters from the world's other shipping giants (United States, Japan, Russia, Norway).

Shanghai Disneyland Most Popular Attractions and Show

Shanghai Disneyland officials wouldn't say when the park will open or how much it will cost. The company stated in a press release that theShanghai park will include "characteristics tailored to the Shanghai region," but a spokesperson declined to elaborate on what types of rides or attractions might be on offer. The Shanghai
government has already reserved an estimated 1,000 acres near Shanghai's international airport in the city's Pudong district. Some speculate that the Chinese government's sudden announcement that Disney could go ahead may be timed to precede U.S. President Barack Obama's first visit to China Nov. 15-18, which will include a stop in Shanghai. "It's a huge investment," says Shaun Rein, managing director of China Market
Research Group in Shanghai. "By allowing this now, it gives face to Obama and really shows that China and the U.S. need to work together to get out of this financial malaise."

 Although theme parks made up less than a third of Disney's total revenue of $38 billion last year, Shanghai Disneyland still figures to be a key addition to the business because it will boost the company's visibility in one of the world's fastest-growing markets. Due to government rules aimed at protecting the public from what
are perceived to be unwelcome foreign cultural influences, awareness of the Disney brand in China lags that of the rest of the world. Unlike in the U.S., where Disney operates a 24-hour TVchannel and radio station, the company's presence in China is limited to a dozen hours of programming a week on local stations, five Disney-branded English-language schools in Shanghai and sales of Disney merchandise. In the past two years, Disney has produced two children's films for the mainland, The Magic Gourd and Trail of the Panda. China limits the number of foreign films that are allowed to screen in theaters to 20 a year.

The approval for park construction comes amid China's ongoing efforts to develop its tourism sector, which is expected to increase 3% this year. As disposable income in the country grows, amusement parks have proliferated throughout the country by some estimates there are as many as 2,000 but the quality of the attractions is uneven. Earlier this year, a sex-themed park in the central Chinese city of Chongqing called Love Land was torn down before it could open to the public. Shanghai, however, could be on the verge of a tourism boom. The city will host the World Expo starting in May 2010.

Since mainland Chinese make up a third of visitors to Hong Kong Disneyland, some fear that the Shanghai park will siphon tourists away from the former British colony, which is part of China but has a semi autonomous government (mainland tourists must obtain visas to visit Hong Kong). Since opening four years ago, Hong Kong Disneyland has underperformed due to its small size at 300 acres, it's the smallest of any Disney park as well as high ticket prices and competition from a nimble competitor called Ocean Park.

Shanghai Disneyland officials dismissed concerns that a new park in Shanghai will steal Hong Kong customers. "We see that Hong Kong Disneyland and the Shanghai park as complementary," said an
official in an e-mail. "We believe the Greater China market is large enough to support multiple parks."

City God Temple Best and Beautyful Temple In Shanghai

City God temple and Town God Temple

The City God temple Most Popular Attractions and Destination Tourism In Shanghai located next to the Yu Garden and also known today as the Yu Garden Market, the City God Temple was built in the fifteenth century during the Ming Dynasty. The first temple to the God of Shanghai was founded in the Song Dynasty (960-1279) when a shrine was erected to the City God of Huating County. However, the Huating shrine was located in Danjing Temple, far from its current location. The present site was first used during the reign of Emperor Yongle (1403-1425) in the Ming Dynasty. A statue of General Huo Guang of the Han Dynasty was enshrined in the front hall, while a statue of Qin Yubo, the god of the City.

The City God Temple in Shanghai originated as the Jinshan God Temple, dedicated to the spirit of Jinshan, or "Gold Mountain", an island off the coast of Shanghai. It was converted into a City God Temple in 1403, during the Yongle era of the Ming dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, the temple grew popular. Residents of the old city as well as nearby areas visited the temple to pray for good fortune and peace. The temple reached its largest extent in the Daoguang era. The popularity of the temple also led to many businesses being set up in the area, turning the surrounding streets into a busy marketplace.

The temple In 1951, the Board of Trustees of the City God Temple was dissolved, and the temple was handed over to the Shanghai Taoist Association and made into a Taoist center. The institution made changes to the temple, removing statues representing folk Underworld personalities such as Yama, the judge of the dead, and placing an emphasis on Taoist spirituality instead. When at its prime time, the coverage of the temple reaches up to 49.9 Mu (8.2 acres). Chenghuang Temple became very prosperous during Qing Dynasty.

The popularity of the City God Temple also led to more business to be set up in the area, turning the surrounding streets into a busy marketplace. Local residents and nearby visitors all thronged here in quest of their necessities, boutiques, jewellery. The present temple covers an area of more than 10,000 square meters including the Huoguang Hall, the Yuanchen Hall, the Caishen Hall, the Cihang Hall, the Chenghuang Hall and the Niangniang Hall.

Tourist imagined that the city was protected by a god known as Chenghuang (town god). Under his protection, people could live peacefully. Chenghuang's duty was just like that of the county head in feudal China. Taoists accepted him not only as an executive but as a law officer as well. It was believed that Chenghuang was empowered by the celestial ruler to exterminate evils in towns and cities and make citizens live a prosperous and happy life. He was even capable of granting what people prayed for. He gave rain when it was too dry and gave sunshine when there was too much rain.

Zhujiajiao Ancient Town Most Popular Zhujiajiao Water Town

Zhujiajiao Ancient Town located in a suburb of Shanghai city, Zhujiajiao is an ancient water town well-known throughout the country, with a history of more than 1700 years. Covering an area of 47 square kilometers, the little fan-shaped town glimmers like a bright pearl in the landscape of lakes and mountains. Zhujiajiao is a lovely town. It is about 1 hour West from Shanghai; the cheapest way is to get the bus from the Southern side of People's square, costs 12RMB, although buses are quite local and if you don't know Chinese, can be a pain to find.

Zhujiajiao is a water village on the outskirts of Shanghai, and was formed about 1,700 years ago. Archaeological findings dating back 5,000 years have also been found. 36 stone bridges and numerous rivers line Zhujiajiao, and thousands of ancient buildings still line the riverbanks today. Many centuries-old stone buildings are home to residents today, as they were for many dynasties in the past. From the Zhujiajiao bus station, it is a 10 min walk to Zhujiajiao itself. There is a tourist information centre, where you can buy tickets, a 80RMB ticket gets you admission to all the attractions, plus a short boat trip (recommended), although most of the town is easily walkable. There is no traffic in the town, which is a blessing.

The five-arch Fangsheng Bridge built in 1571 in the Ming Dynasty is still standing there. Inscriptions on the weather-beaten steles by the side of the river tell people to do good things and accumulate merits for the after life. There are altogether 36 bridges in the town and each has a name and possibly a story, which will speak itself when the tourist sits on the bridge, staring at the mosses growing out of the gaps in the stones or the river on which boats pass by. After visits of participants in the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation meetings held in Shanghai in 2001, the town became more famous and frequented.

Lupu Bridge Shanghai Amazing And High Technology Bridge In World

The Lupu Bridge is located in Shanghai, China. It is currently the seventh crossing to be constructed over
the Huangpu River in the city. The bridge is located in the south of the city with the aim to ease congestion in
the quickly developing areas around the southern side of the river and the city centre and also to help with the
increasing traffic expected at the 2010 world Expo. The venue for this is set to be surrounding the river at
the location of the bridge, so it will not only be a vital part of the infrastructure for this event, it will also act
as a showpiece for Chinese engineering.

The bridge was officially opened in June 2003 at a total cost of $302 Million US. On completion the Lupu
Bridge was the largest spanning arch bridge in the world with a main span of 550m overtaking the New River Gorge Bridge in the United States by 32m. This record is set to be broken in 2008 by the under construction Chaotianmen Bridge in China by only 2m. The total length of the bridge is 3,900m including the approach bridges on either side of the river. The bridge was originally heavily criticised as it was seen as wasteful by many people in respect to the type of bridge that was actually needed for the project.

Many feel that it is just a show piece for the city and the price tag reflected that status. Other designs were
proposed that would have been more economical but were rejected in favour of the tied arch design.

The Lupu Bridge is a steel box section throughtied arch bridge. The central span of the deck is suspended from two sets of 28 double cables attached to the two inclined arches. The ground conditions on either side of the bridge are not suitable for the large thrusts that would be caused by a normal arch bridge and this is what lead to the decision of using a through tied arch which will be discussed further later in this paper. Below are two elevations of the bridge, the side profile and a view looking longitudinally along the deck.

The structure should be well ordered in that it has a coherence and fluency about the lines and shapes within it. The Lupu Bridge, being an almost entirely welded structure, has mostly smooth clean lines especially those of the arches. The line of the deck through the intersection of the arches keeps a fluid line through the centre of the bridge bringing the centre span together with the approach bridges on either side enhancing the
continuity of the structure.

Equal spacing of the main cables enhances the well ordered nature of the bridge and this is mirrored in the supporting columns of the approach bridges although, due to the large number of columns, at oblique angles it can look confused and overcrowded. The function and structure of the Lupu Bridge are portrayed in an obvious and simple way with subtle refinements and complexities to add to the bridge’s aesthetic appeal. Under Leonhardt’s rules, the Lupu Bridge has many of the attributes that could make it beautiful. Bridge aesthetics are however a matter of personal opinion and what may be beautiful to one person may not necessarily be so to another.

Keywords: Lupu Bridge, Steel, Arch Bridge, Popular Bridge In China, Bridge

Qinhuangdao Historical City and Becges Area Of China Tourism

Qinhuangdao meaning the island of Emperor Qin was named after the first emperor of Qin Dynasty when he
stationed here on his eastern inspection tour in 215BC, and sent Lu Sheng of Yan State to seek immortals off the sea. This beautiful city is located between 3854’ north latitude and 11936’ east longitude on the northwestern coast of Bohai Gulf and the northeast part of Hebei province. Its physical features of vast sea area and long coastline made the city even more beautiful. In 1898, the Qing government made Qinhuangdao a commercial port and began building an ocean shipping wharf. Since then the population had been increasing significantly.

Qinyu City was established in Dec. 1948, and then named changed to Qinhuangdao in March 1949. In May
1983, Qinhuangdao became a city under the direct jurisdiction of Hebei province. Three districts, Haigang,
Beidaihe and Shanhaiguan and four counties, Funing, Changli, Lulong and Qinlong Manchurian Autonomous
County are all under the jurisdiction of Qinhuangdao.

Qinhuangdao Island

It covers 7,523 km2, and is home to an estimated 2.7046 million residents. The urban population consists of 0.676 million people. Qinhuangdao also located at the conjunction area between North China Economic Zone and North- east China Economic Zone. It is also at the central part of economic zones around Bohai,
which is the important seaport for Northern, North- Eastern and North- Western China. The world famous port of Qinhuangdao is wide in harbour space and deep in water, neither frozen nor silted. The port for energy, sundry goods and containers is the second largest port in China and is the world’s largest port for energy export.

Climate
Qinhuangdao enjoys a mild continental monsoon climate, consisting of distinctive seasons and mild winters and summers. The average temperature year round is 10.1oC, the hottest weather occurs in July with the average temperature of 25oC. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of -6.5oC. The annual average rainfall is 698mm and relative humidity of 62%.

Qinhuangdao Island

 Natural Resources
Qinhuangdao is endowed with rich natural resources. The metal and nonmetallic reserves cover more than 40 different minerals, such as magnesium, gold, lead, copper, iron, coal, marble etc. The magnesium deposit, which has a reserve of approximately 400 million tons, has prosperous prospects for further exploration.
Qinhuangdao is also rich in products.

The grapes and dry red wine from Changli County, the chestnuts from Qinglong County and sweet potato
products from Lulong County enjoy good reputation. Altogether there is a 126.4km long coastline within its
boundary, teeming with prawn, sea cucumber, crabs and scallops, etc.

Qinhuangdao Beches Area :

Qinhuangdao Beach

Qinhuangdao Beach

 Huiquan Beach
 Huiquan Beach there are 6 main beaches lying in the coastal region of Qingdao. They are -- Huiquan, Taipingwan, Zhanshan, Zhanqiao, Sifang and Cangkou respectively.

 Huiquan Beach

Beihai Silver Beach
Beihai Silver Beach The beach gets its name from its soft and silvery sand glittering in the sun and moon rays, displaying its full splendor. The Beihai Silver Beach lies to the south of Beihai, extending 24 km west and varies in width from 30 to 300m. It is considered as one of the best beaches in China, maintaining its average seawater temperature of 23C through out the year.

Beihai Silver Beach

In the Beihai Silver Beach Park, you can find houses related to musical instruments, chess, books and pictures in the east part. In the middle part is on-sea ports and beach zone while in the west is a marine biology museum,a children's swimming pool and an open air dance floor. There are flourishing flowers and trees growing on the square and over 30 pavilions of various styles around the square. In addition, tourists can appreciate the excellent performances of rare foreign birds, folk customs, Russian customs, etc, and take part in the activities of parachute jumps over the sea or to just lie on the beach and enjoy the clear sky and pure white clouds.

Tianya Haijiao Beach
Tianya Haijiao Beach is a popular resort in the southern part of Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. It is located 24 km to the west of Sanya's Municipal Area. Tianya Haijiao Beach are the two well-known beaches of the province. Lying on the soft sand under beautiful sunshine or walking through the coconut plantation under the blue sky is just spell binding.

Tianya Haijiao Beach

The climatic conditions also facilitates it as the most desired beach resort, the weather is not very hot in summer nor very cold in winters, adorned with lot of greenery and fresh air. The venue is considered the south-most point of China's land area, therefore many tourists also come for sight-seeing. To the south of the Cape is the South China Seas and some islets are in the sight, providing a marvellous view to visitors when the weather is fine.
 
Qinhuangdao Tourism Map and Guide
 

Qinhuangdao Tourism Map

Yello River Cruise Recreaction In China

The Yellow River basin has been part of China virtually since the inception of the Chinese nation. Designated as “the cradle of Chinese Civilization,” the basin has played a key role not only in the country’s economic
development but also in the historic and cultural identity of the Chinese people. Perhaps, ironically, the Yellow River is also known as “China’s Sorrow,” because the soils which have fostered human development are also associated with frequent, sometimes catastrophic, floods. The devastation brought by these floods, often at scales unimaginable in the West, makes it easy to understand why successive Chinese administrations from the legendary Xia Dynasty (ca. 2000 B.C.) through the 20th century made flood control the number one priority of Yellow River management.

 While the possibility of flooding is ever present and remains a key issue in basin management, major achievements have been made in flood control since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. As a result of this success and the rapid economic and social changes which have taken place over the past few decades, new issues such as water scarcity, overuse of resources and environmental degradation arenow rising to the top position of the water management agenda. In essence, a transition in river management is now taking place in which focus is shifting from prevention of the river doing harm to people to preventing people from doing harm to the river.

Significant institutional, policy and legal reforms are required to successfully bring about such a fundamental transition in a river management system that has evolved over two millennia. This report has been produced as a background to assist researchers and policy makers in informing the debate surrounding that reform. The report is divided into three primary sections. The first discusses the background to the Yellow River basin and its management including the basic geography of the basin, the role of the basin in Chinese history, and the historic development of basin water resources management and water resources.

The second discusses the key critical issues now being faced by basin residents and managers, including water scarcity, flood control, and land and other environmental degradation. The report concludes with some reflections on promising areas for future researchand analysis, including intersectoral allocation, water saving, pollution abatement, data issues and institutional gaps.

Yellow River’s geography commence with a recitation of facts. For example, the Yellow River begins in the
Qinghai-Tibetan plateau of Qinghai province from whence it flows across 8 other provinces and autonomous regions before emptying into the Yellow Sea north of the Shandong peninsula. With a length of over 5,400 km, the Yellow River is the second longest in China and the 10th longest in the world and drains an area
larger than France.

The basin contains approximately 9 percent of China’s population and 17 percent of its agricultural area. While such static figures may be of passing interest, it is a deeper understanding of variation in the Yellow River basin’s physical geography that is necessary if one wishes to understand the issues which both the Chinese government and basin residents face in their daily efforts to use, manage and protect the river. To accomplish this formidable task, the river is often divided into its three main reaches for analysis.

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